What does NEPA require from federal agencies?

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions. This is a crucial step in the decision-making process. Under NEPA, federal agencies must prepare detailed statements assessing the environmental impact of and alternatives to major federal actions that significantly affect the quality of the human environment. This process is designed to ensure that environmental values are considered alongside economic and technical factors in the decision-making process.

By mandating an assessment of potential environmental effects, NEPA promotes transparency and public participation in governmental actions, allowing for informed decisions that take into account the importance of protecting the environment. The assessments are typically documented in an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) or an Environmental Assessment (EA), which detail the potential environmental consequences, alternatives to the action, and any mitigation measures to minimize adverse effects.

The other options, while relevant to environmental management and safety, do not fall under the specific requirements outlined by NEPA. Recycling programs, annual air quality reports, and training for environmental compliance officers are important elements of an overall environmental strategy but are not mandated by NEPA itself. Thus, option C accurately reflects the key requirement established by the National Environmental Policy Act.